芪蛭活血通络饮联合西医常规疗法治疗老年急性脑梗死临床研究

目的探讨芪蛭活血通络饮治疗老年急性脑梗死气虚血瘀证患者临床疗效,观察其对患者炎性指标、纤维化指标、神经功能恢复的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将94例患者分为观察组和对照组各47例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予芪蛭活血通络饮,每日1剂,每次150 mL,每日2次,口服(吞咽困难者胃管给药),2组均连续治疗2周。观察2组治疗前后血液流变学指标、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CPR)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平,及神经功能(NIHSS)评分、日常生活能力(ADL)评分,比较2组临床疗效及不良反应。结果与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、纤维蛋白原、hs-CPR、Hcy水平明显下降,TGF-β1、VEGF水平明显升高(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组上述实验室指标改善明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后NIHSS评分明显降低,ADL评分明显升高(P<0.05);2组治疗后比较,观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率为93.62%(44/47),对照组为74.47%(35/47),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应率为14.89%(7/47),对照组为19.15%(9/47),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论芪蛭活血通络饮联合西医常规疗法治疗老年急性脑梗死气虚血瘀证疗效满意,可有效减轻患者炎症反应,改善机体高凝状态,促进神经功能修复。     

品管圈对缩短结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间的效果观察

目的探讨品管圈对结直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间的临床效果。方法选取2019年4月至5月间上海市健康医学院附属嘉定区中心医院收治的52例结直肠癌术后患者为改进前组,2019年6月至7月52例患者为改进后组。检查改进前组患者平均排气时间、排便时间及腹胀发生率,采用品管圈对改进后组患者进行干预,比较两组患者胃肠道功能和相关无形成果。结果改进后组患者排气时间、排便时间和腹胀发生率均低于改进前组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。通过品管圈活动,圈员们责任心、自我价值、团队精神、科研能力、沟通能力和解决问题能力均提升。结论品管圈可缩短结直肠癌患者术后排气时间和排便时间,降低腹胀发生率,提高圈员综合素质,值得推广。     

Synthetic MRI is not yet ready for morphologic and functional assessment of patellar cartilage at 1.5 Tesla

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare morphologic assessment and relaxometry of patellar hyaline cartilage between conventional sequences (fast spin-echo [FSE] T2-weighted fat-saturated and T2-mapping) and synthetic T2 short-TI inversion recovery (STIR) and T2 maps at 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodThe MRI examinations of the knee obtained at 1.5 T in 49 consecutive patients were retrospectively studied. There were 21 men and 28 women with a mean age of 45 ± 17.7 (SD) years (range: 18–88 years). Conventional and synthetic acquisitions were performed, including T2-weighted fat-saturated and T2-mapping sequences. Two radiologists independently compared patellar cartilage T2-relaxation time on conventional T2-mapping and synthetic T2-mapping images. A third radiologist evaluated the patellar cartilage morphology on conventional and synthetic T2-weighted images. The presence of artifacts was also assessed. Interobserver agreement for quantitative variables was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsIn vitro, conventional and synthetic T2 maps yielded similar mean T2 values 58.5 ± 2.3 (SD) ms and 58.8 ± 2.6 (SD) ms, respectively (P = 0.414) and 6% lower than the expected experimental values (P = 0.038). Synthetic images allowed for a 15% reduction in examination time compared to conventional images. On conventional sequences, patellar chondropathy was identified in 35 patients (35/49; 71%) with a mean chondropathy grade of 4.8 ± 4.8 (SD). On synthetic images, 28 patients (28/49; 57%) were diagnosed with patellar chondropathy, with a significant 14% difference (P = 0.009) and lower chondropathy scores (3.7 ± 4.9 [SD]) compared to conventional images. Motion artifacts were more frequently observed on synthetic images (18%) than on conventional ones (6%). The interobserver agreement was excellent for both conventional and synthetic T2 maps (ICC > 0.83). Mean cartilage T2 values were significantly greater on synthetic images (36.2 ± 3.8 [SD] ms; range: 29-46 ms) relative to conventional T2 maps (31.8 ± 4.1 [SD] ms; range: 26-49 ms) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionDespite a decrease in examination duration, synthetic images convey lower diagnostic performance for chondropathy, greater prevalence of motion artifacts, and an overestimation of T2 values compared to conventional MRI sequences.     

基于整合医学理念的护理路径应用于脑梗死后鼻饲患者的临床成效

目的 剖析基于整合医学理念的护理路径应用于脑梗死后鼻饲患者的临床成效,以增加医疗实践经验。方法 利用电脑对我院在2015年10月至2017年10月收治的88例脑梗死后鼻饲患者行随机化分组,各自命名为研究组(n=44)和对照组(n=44)。对照组实施传统护理,研究组采取整合式医疗模式护理路径。待干预后第4周末,比较两组患者的吞咽功能、情感状况、生活质量及营养状况。结果 干预后,研究组患者的SAS、SDS评分低于对照组,营养状况优于对照组,生活质量评分高于对照组,洼田试验评分高于对照组,均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 基于整合医学理念的护理路径应用于脑梗死后鼻饲患者,对其吞咽功能的改善以及情感状况的稳定大有助益,且能增进机体对营养物质的吸收及提升生活质量。     

Echocardiographic assessment at rest and during stress in patients with intermittent claudication

Objective. Skeletal muscle perfusion during walking relies on complex interactions between cardiac activity and vascular control mechanisms, why cardiac dysfunction may contribute to intermittent claudication (IC) symptoms. The study aims were to describe cardiac function at rest and during stress in consecutive IC patients, to explore the relations between cardiac function parameters and treadmill performance, and to test the hypothesis that clinically silent myocardial ischemia during stress may contribute to IC limb symptomatology. Design. Patients with mild to severe IC (n?=?111, mean age 67 y, 52% females, mean treadmill distance 195 m) underwent standard echocardiography, dobutamine stress echocardiography (SE) and treadmill testing. The patient cohort was separated in two groups based on treadmill performance (HIGH and LOW performance). Results. Ten patients (9%) had regional wall motion abnormalities of which three had left ventricular ejection fraction <50% at standard echocardiography. A majority had lower than expected systolic- and diastolic ventricular volumes. LOW performers had smaller diastolic left ventricular volumes and lower global peak systolic velocity during dobutamine stress. No patient demonstrated significant cardiac dysfunction during dobutamine provocation that was not also evident at standard echocardiography. Conclusions. Most IC patients were without signs of ischemic heart disease or cardiac failure. The majority had small left ventricular volumes. The hypothesis that clinically silent myocardial ischemia impairing left ventricular function during stress may contribute to IC limb symptomatology was not supported.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01219842.     

手术烟雾对大鼠生理功能损害的实验研究

目的 探讨手术烟雾对生理功能的危害性及采取防护措施的必要性。 方法 采用60只SD大鼠，随机分为空白组、烟雾组及干预组三组，每组20只。空白组不接受烟雾刺激，无任何防护；烟雾组和干预组大鼠在烟雾环境中安置30min；干预组大鼠提前接受预防措施。连续两周后检测手术烟雾环境中大鼠生理、生化指标及预防措施的有效性。 结果 使用电刀3min后，空气质量受到严重污染，并且随电刀使用时间增加而持续下降；连续两周后烟雾组大鼠心功能、血流动力学、呼吸功能受到明显损害，血清炎性因子IL-6、IL-8和TNF α浓度明显增加；而干预组大鼠生理功能受到明显保护，炎性因子浓度降低。在两周实验期内，手术烟雾对肝肾功能无明显影响。结论 手术烟雾会引起明显的生理功能损害，采取防护措施能起到良好的保护作用。     

综述三维斑点追踪技术在糖尿病心肌病心功能评价中的应用

糖尿病心肌病(Diabetic Cardiomyopathy,DC)的进展会导致左心室功能减低,因此,早期正确评估左心室功能对糖尿病心肌病患者的治疗和预后有着重要的意义。由于左心室解剖结构的复杂性,常规超声技术通常很难准确的评估左心室功能的变化,三维斑点追踪技术(three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging,3D-STI)是在实时3D超声和斑点追踪技术(STI)基础上发展起来的一项新技术,其对心脏功能的评估不受整个心脏运动方向和运动幅度的限制,能够直观的对心肌各个方向的运动进行追踪。本文首先论述3D-STI 在左心室功能评价中的可行性,再对其在DC左心室功能评价中的研究展开综述。     

Electrophysiological differences between upper and lower limb movements in the human subthalamic nucleus

ObjectiveFunctional processes in the brain are segregated in both the spatial and spectral domain. Motivated by findings reported at the cortical level in healthy participants we test the hypothesis in the basal ganglia of Parkinson’s disease patients that lower frequency beta band activity relates to motor circuits associated with the upper limb and higher beta frequencies with lower limb movements.MethodsWe recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from the subthalamic nucleus using segmented “directional” DBS leads, during which patients performed repetitive upper and lower limb movements. Movement-related spectral changes in the beta and gamma frequency-ranges and their spatial distributions were compared between limbs.ResultsWe found that the beta desynchronization during leg movements is characterised by a strikingly greater involvement of higher beta frequencies (24–31 Hz), regardless of whether this was contralateral or ipsilateral to the limb moved. The spatial distribution of limb-specific movement-related changes was evident at higher gamma frequencies.ConclusionLimb processing in the basal ganglia is differentially organised in the spectral and spatial domain and can be captured by directional DBS leads.SignificanceThese findings may help to refine the use of the subthalamic LFPs as a control signal for adaptive DBS and neuroprosthetic devices.